Machining suav nrog siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab los ua kev txiav, sib tsoo, drilling, tig, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom ua haujlwm uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb txog cov duab, qhov loj, qhov roughness, thiab qhov chaw raug. Kev kam rau siab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv machining, ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, tsim thiab ua raws li cov qauv machining kam rau ua yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj qhov zoo.
Tolerance yog hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj. Nyob rau hauv machining, kam rau ua yog qhia los ntawm kam rau ua cim nyob rau hauv tsim drawings, uas muaj xws li qhov yooj yim thiab kam rau ua. Qhov loj me sawv cev rau tus nqi theoretical ntawm ib feem qhov ntev. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, qhov tolerance loj encompasses lub sab sauv thiab qis txwv tau los ntawm kev ntxiv los yog rho tawm tus nqi kam rau ua los ntawm qhov loj me me. Kev txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog kam rau ua yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog yam xws li cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab cov khoom siv. Lub tswv yim zoo tsim los ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muaj kev sib hloov tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab thaum siv.
Nyob rau hauv machining, feem ntau tolerance pawg muaj xws li dimensional kam rau ua, daim ntawv thiab txoj hauj lwm kam rau ua, thiab nto roughness. Dimensional kam rau ua yog hais txog qhov tso cai sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me, suav nrog qhov sib txawv sab sauv thiab sab qis. Geometric kam rau ua muaj feem xyuam rau ntau qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab, txoj hauj lwm, thiab kev taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw, encompassing roundness, straightness, flatness, thiab inclination. Deg roughness yog hais txog kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov chaw, ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau yam xws li kev sib txhuam, sealing, thiab hnav tsis kam.
Kev tsim thiab kev siv ntawm machining kam rau ua qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev muab qhov tseeb ntawm machining, txhim kho cov khoom zoo, thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Thoob ntiaj teb, ISO tau tsim cov qauv kev ua haujlwm siab, suav nrog ISO2768, ISO286, ISO1101, thiab ntau dua. Cov qauv no qhia cov qib kam rau ua, qhov kev kam rau siab, txoj kev kam rau siab annotation, thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus muaj feem xyuam rau ntau hom ntawm qhov chaw, tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke rau kev ua haujlwm machining.
Piv txwv li, ISO2768 standardizes general tolerances rau linear thiab angular qhov ntev thiab tshem tawm ib tug neeg thiab tshwj xeeb tolerance indications. Cov txheej txheem no ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua siab ntev rau cov khoom sib xws, txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov tshuab ua haujlwm.
Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua kom zoo ib yam, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev ntseeg siab thoob plaws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab cov saw hlau los ntawm kev ua raws li cov qauv kev ua haujlwm siab ntev. Ntxiv mus, cov qauv no pab txhawb kev sib koom tes thoob ntiaj teb, ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm ntau qhov chaw thiab ua kom muaj kev sib hloov ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.
